http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical…
http://www.analytictech.com/mb870/handou…
http://jsdstat.com/Statblog/2007/12/05/s…
"...How should educators teach students
to make better theoretical arguments,
that is, an argument that is logical and
fruitful? Logical thinking is about making
valid deductions from a set of premises
and avoiding fallacies. Fruitful
thinking involves making an argument
that fits reality. Theoretical thinking,
then, emphasizes building a sound argument
with relevant and interesting empirical
implications. In this way, theoretical
thinking complements the more common
educational mantra of teaching students
to think critically, which tends to focus
on the detection of fallacies or other
flaws in an argument. Emphasizing detection
instead of construction, however,
limits the development of analytical and
independent thinking. To better teach the
range of thinking skills most educators
want their students to acquire calls for a
focus on the understanding and construction
of theoretical arguments, and this
calls for greater emphasis on learning at
least a basic system of logic.
A focus on theory building instead of
the detection of fallacies improves thinking
in four ways. First, emphasizing
theory enables students to build better
arguments. Arguments are unpersuasive
when they make illogical connections or
are underdeveloped. Whereas learning
logic can help reduce invalid deductions,
acquiring a fuller understanding of the
parts of an argument can help students
put some flesh on their often skeletal
initial arguments. Second, focusing on
theory enables students to better analyze
an argument. Fallacy identification exercises
are useful, but arguments may go
astray in other ways, such as having inaccurate
premises or a mismatch between
concepts and indicators. Third, calling..."
http://mailer.fsu.edu/~msouva/Fostering%…